Analysis of Traffic Noise in Taman Kota Lumintang Denpasar

This research was conducted to analyze the level of traffic noise in Lumintang City Park, Denpasar. The measurement method is by using a direct method that is using an integrating sound level meter that has an LTMS measurement facility, namely Leq with a measuring time every 5 seconds. The examination is carried out by measuring for 10 minutes. The measurement time is carried out during the 24 hour activity (NGO) on December 3, 2018. The measurement distance ranges from 5-10 meters from the road, with a height of 1-1.2 m from the ground level. The results of the research on the level of traffic noise in Lumintang City Park Denpasar showed the noise level that exceeded the noise level quality standards of the green open space area of 50 dB, where in the first lane the traffic noise level was 92.52 dB at L3. While the noise research in lane 2 shows that the highest traffic noise level of 85.70 dB occurs at L5. For day and night (NGO) noise levels in lane 1 amounting to 70.13 dB and lane 2 of 67.95 dB has exceeded the quality standard of green open space, so that it can cause physical and psychological disturbances for visitors to the Taman Lumintang City of Denpasar..

vehicles operating on the road, will increase the traffic load and cause various problems such as congestion problems and traffic noise. Motorized vehicles are a means of transportation, in the context of noise levels grouped as moving sources. It is estimated that the distribution and intensity of noise levels in urban areas will vary in each region, depending on the type of land use in the area. The transportation system planning factor is also sure to greatly affect the spread of noise level pollution, follow transportation routes in urban areas.
The high noise intensity exceeds the standard of noise quality with a long exposure time which is the cause of health problems such as disturbances in the auditory sense and the potential for hypertensive attacks. Besides causing outward impacts, noise can also have psychological effects such as emotional disturbances and lifestyle disorders (Subagya & Yayan, 2009). Based on the Decree of the Minister of Environment in KepMenLH No. 48 of 1996 concerning Quality Standards for Noise Levels, noise is an unwanted sound from a business or activity at a certain level and time that can cause disruption to human health and environmental comfort.
Theoretical Review:

Sound:
Sound sources are all objects that vibrate and produce sounds that propagate through mediums or intermediate substances. Sound waves consist of vibrating molecules propagating in all directions, the molecules crammed in several places, resulting in a region of high pressure or compression (compression), but in a rarefaction, resulting in a low pressure region. High and low pressure waves alternately move through medium or conductive substances in the form of air, gas, liquid and solid substances. With this principle this wave includes longitudinal waves (Tipler, Paul A. 1998).

Noise:
Based on a decision issued by the Ministry of Environment in KepmenLH No. 48 of 1996 concerning Noise Level Standards says that noise is an unwanted noise from a business or human activity at a certain level and time that can cause human health problems and environmental comfort. Even though noise is an unwanted sound but sometimes noise can be useful. Useful in the sense of noise can be used to attract attention or expect a response from someone. For example, babies cry and cry from someone's help. While the impact caused by noise is physical and psychological disorders. Nowadays noise is one of the causes of environmental diseases (Slamet, 2006). The level of noise intensity is measured and expressed in Decibels (dBA). Meanwhile, what is meant by noise level quality standards is the maximum level of noise that is permitted to be discharged into the environment from a business or activity so that it does not cause human health problems and environmental comfort.

Noise Due to Traffic:
Sound generated from transportation activities is a sound that is not constant. The noise caused by noise depends on the level of sound intensity, how often it occurs and the frequency produced. Noise in motorized vehicles is mainly generated by vehicle engines during combustion, exhaust, horns, braking and due to interaction between the wheels and the road in the form of friction that produces sound . Most motorized vehicles on gear 2 or 3 produce noise of 75 dB (A) with a frequency of 100-7000Hz. Heavy vehicles (trucks and buses) are the main sources of noise on the highway (AASHTO, 1993). Private cars tend not to cause too much noise. But because of the large number, the noise produced is quite large. When the engine is turned on and will do maximum acceleration, noise is generated by the sound of the engine, whereas if the vehicle is traveling at high speed the main source of noise is the sound of wheel friction and road pavement. For this type of diesel-engined truck and the power generated by the engine is greater, it produces a noise level greater than 15 dB (A) from a private vehicle. The sound of combustion that occurs in the engine produces a large contribution in the cause of noise especially when the truck reaches speeds of 80 km / h (AASHTO, 1993). Traffic noise is in the frequency range 100-4000 Hz. Noise due to exhaust noise of motor vehicles occurs above the frequency of 250 Hz (AASHTO, 1993).

Noise Quality Standard:
Determination of noise level quality standards related to land allotment problems contained in the which is equal to 85.70 dB and the lowest occurs at L6 which is equal to 76.40 dB. Based on the results of calculations, it is known that the level of traffic noise generated at two measurement locations with the same measurement distance has a different level of traffic noise. The level of traffic noise can change due to the level of traffic noise generated from a sound source that is different every time.
The following is an analysis of two research location points: This is because Jalan Gatot Subroto Denpasar City is also a national road that connects large vehicles that cross either to the Province of West Nusa Tenggara and its surroundings or to the East Java and surrounding provinces so that the road is always crowded at all times. If it is associated with the impact of traffic noise, the data will be obtained as follows.

Suggestion:
Based on the conclusions of the results of the above research the researchers gave suggestions including the following: 1. To reduce or minimize the impact of traffic noise caused by traffic movements it is necessary to regulate traffic. Settings are intended to reduce the volume of passing traffic. This can be done by making traffic engineering in the area, for example by transferring current for heavy vehicles passing or regulating operating hours through the vehicle. Good traffic regulation can reduce the traffic noise level between 2 to 5 dB (A).
2. For the community to be able to find out the short-term and long-term impacts of noise and start using standard vehicles to reduce the impact due to noise generated. Bibliography: