Effect of Individual Characteristics, Work Characteristics and Organizational Characteristics on the Permanent Lecturer Performance at Warmadewa University

This study aims to analyze and explain the effect of Individual Characteristics, Job Characteristics and Organizational Characteristics on the Permanent Lecturers Performance at Warmadewa University. The hypothesis used consists of: (1) Individual characteristics have a positive and significant effect on lecturer performance, (2) Job characteristics have a positive and significant effect on lecturer performance, (3) Organizational Characteristics have a positive and significant effect on lecturer performance. The design of this study is quantitative with a sample size of 196 people calculated using the Slovin formula and determination of the sample size using the probability sampling method. The data used in this study are primary and secondary data both quantitative and qualitative data. Analysis tool used in WarpPLS Version 6.0. The results showed that Individual Characteristics had a significant negative effect on lecturer performance, job characteristics had a positive effect not significant on lecturer performance and organizational characteristics had a negative and significant effect on lecturer performance.


Introduction:
In the modern era which is growing rapidly, the development of the business world is experiencing increasingly fierce competition. One of them is business competition in the field of education services (private tertiary institutions). Private Higher Education is one of the educational organizations which with all its educational facilities is expected to be able to produce competent human resources. Human resources are the basic capital which is very important for the development of private tertiary institutions. Therefore the quality of human resources must always be developed and directed in order to achieve the expected goals. Lecturers are one of the important assets in organizing teaching and learning process in higher education. If the performers are low performing, there will be a decline in the quality of graduates which results in the image of higher education.
In creating the quantity and quality of human resources that are able to compete in the global market, the academic staff are required to be able to provide and produce global quality resources. Success in global competition can be achieved in addition to transforming existing management, also through fundamental reforms in the management of organizations. These changes are expected to further enhance the capabilities and skills of human resources, thereby giving rise to the necessary competitive advantages.
One way to develop human resources can be done through higher education. Helliriegel and Slocum (2005) classify three main factors that affect performance including differences in individual characteristics, job characteristics and work environment characteristics or organizational characteristics. These three things are very influential on the performance of lecturers which is realized through the results of work related to the Tri Dharma of Higher Education or the success of a lecturer carrying out the main tasks assigned to him. On the other hand, those three things constitute the driving energy that arises from within a person to behave in a certain way in the work to achieve goals in accordance with organizational and personal goals.
Individual characteristics that are different in each individual create a different contribution to the performance of the company. A lecturer with good characteristics will make the lecturer easier to do his work, so that the resulting performance is optimal and very good influence on the college. Vice versa, lecturers with bad characteristics will hamper universities in operating and developing. Based on that, it can be ensured that tertiary institutions have certain criteria regarding the lecturers they will employ in accordance with the needs of tertiary institutions. The performance of a lecturer will be better if the lecturer has an attitude, interest, high ability, a supportive work environment, division of job characters from suitable jobs in various fields and support from organizations (tertiary institutions). The results of initial observations have symptoms of low performance of lecturers. This condition is shown by the lack of interest of lecturers in conducting research, so that it can affect the performance of lecturers in carrying out the Tri Darma of Higher Education.   Source: Processed Data Based on the calculations in Table 1 and after rounding off, the number of samples obtained in the study was 196 permanent lecturers  asked. Interval 1-5 is a Likert modification with the aim of eliminating alternative doubtful answers which can later reduce the validity of the information obtained.
Validity Test is done by correlating the answer score obtained on each item with the total score of the whole item while the reliability test is done to measure the extent to which a measuring instrument can be trusted and and relied upon. Reliability test used Cronbach Alpha Technique where an instrument is said to be reliable if it has a reliable coefficient or alpha 0.6 or more.
Data analysis and Hypothesis Testing used WarpPLS Version 6.0 to analyze the effect of independent variables on the dependent variable both partially and partially.

Result and Discussion: Characteristics of Respondents:
Characteristics of respondents based on gender obtained by fewer male respondents ie 86 people (43.88%) compared to 110 female respondents (56.12%). Based on the characteristics of the age obtained most respondents aged 25-35 years as many as 100 people (51.02%), for the characteristics of tenure most of the respondents are lecturers whose tenure is 0-5 years as many as 110 people (56%), while the characteristics of education obtained more S2 education levels namely 181 people (92.35%).
Based on the output of the hypothesis test results in the WarpPLS analysis can be described as follows:

Figure 2 Estimated Output Model
Source: Processed Data Hypothesis Test:Based on Figure 2, the following table is presented in Table 2, the Hypothesis test results are as follows: